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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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+ Y+ z. p/ F9 c) N4 {4 C “They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”
) F! e9 [% H: a 上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:! T8 ~& J3 V# v" }/ d5 K f h
“They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
; G+ P( l0 C7 W' _ 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:+ Z0 n* `; O% @/ O% ~9 _
“They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”; C4 d% n8 Y7 o% }& ]
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。+ b/ r/ E o, B( s+ y# c+ }
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。
5 b( \/ c, j; W% N Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
: A! c# o- M# D' o$ Z Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:, o9 k2 R. a' Z, k& m, q; Q6 W
① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.
* V" l; S; H8 F5 H ② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.
# w) u* \3 x# I Ⅱ表示“反意见”:. w; {8 A. O9 i% Z
But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:
+ A k& w% [* i ③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.7 G# ^5 l+ @/ H3 Z1 j
④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.
3 g3 k+ ~5 g9 M* E" N' v" Q7 X, J/ \ Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:6 L; i( u- X7 x8 K& u
Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
4 c4 F* G& [0 e/ D ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy. @# y2 i# T7 F" t
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.6 g3 q6 |. m( y1 Y! E
Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:
6 k9 u( ^' q1 u3 m+ n5 j Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
3 Y5 ~; |# J6 X ⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.% R9 {$ o0 e9 s
⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.2 J% ^1 ^) I/ c0 ^& C: z* N" P; a
Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:4 m: R, R4 Q3 _3 z2 r* l* L
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:
! W w# \2 Q' @! A3 @ ⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".
! P: Y, l. T3 j7 X1 e Ⅵ表示“结束”:
: n: C0 H0 A- H. s) c8 Q5 A To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:( O! _) L" T0 N) J# H+ ~" F
⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.4 |% E |- i0 g% J% M% r$ |% l
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